Διαδικτυακή Πύλη Συνεργασίας Για Τα Δάση

This report presents and demonstrates possible solutions to implement two headline policy indicators listed under the biodiversity criteria: the EEA/SEBI2010 Indicator 13 ‘fragmentation and connectivity of ecosystem’ and the MCPFE 4.7 Indicator ‘Landscape level forest spatial pattern. Focus is clearly on large regions assessment and on the change in the forest landscape structure (spatial pattern), not its function or quality. A brief review of knowledge enabled to select important concepts and principles to address spatial pattern processes likely to have ecological effects. It is proposed to make the assessment at local level with relatively fine-grained data and the reporting per spatial units which best capture local processes without loosing too much information. In some cases, forest losses must be disaggregated from forest gains and treated separately. Measures for MCPFE 4.7 are based on (1) the morphology of the forest cover in terms of core forest (interior forest with a 100m edge width) and forest edge, also providing an insight on connectors, and on (2) the landscape context of forest in its close (50 ha) surroundings (natural context or mixed forest-non forest interface zones with agriculture and/or infrastructure). The temporal stability of core forest (i.e. forest potentially staying in the same conditions), the increase of edges and the loss of forest in a natural context are measured. For the SEBI2010 indicator 13, fragmentation is looked upon when associated to core forest loss and each of the four spatial pattern processes (attrition, perforation, shrinkage, fragmentation/breaking-apart) that potentially contribute to four effects (sample, area, edge, isolation) on forest habitat and species is quantified. Measures on forest connectivity combine the landscape and organism dimensions; they account for the habitat availability and inter-patch functional distances.

Οι σημερινές συνθήκες των δασών - απώλεια ποώδους και θαμνώδους υπορόφου, μειώσεις των εκτάσεων γηραιότερων δασών και αύξηση εκτάσεων δασικής αναγέννησης υψηλής πυκνότητας - αντικατοπτρίζουν την έκταση της ανθρώπινης επιρροής στα δάση αυτά. Αυτές οι αλλαγές μπορεί επίσης να επηρεάσουν τους πληθυσμούς Διπλοσαΐνων. . Information on goshawk nesting habitat and foraging behavior, and the food and habitats of selected goshawk prey, was therefore synthesized to develop a set of management objectives, desired forest conditions, and management recommendations. Key objectives of the guidelines are to provide (1) nesting, post-fledging, and foraging areas for goshawks, and (2) habitat to support abundant populations of 14 primary goshawk prey. Thinning trees in the understory, creating small openings in the forest, and prescribed fires should help produce and maintain the desired forest conditions. Other habitat elements critical for maintaining both goshawk and prey populations include abundant snags and large downed logs, woody debris, interspersion of different tree sizes across the landscape, and the majority of a goshawk’s home range in older-aged forests. These guidelines should also benefit forest health, soil productivity, and the habitats of other old-growthdependent plants and animals.

Τα Διπλοσάινα (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) έχουν αναγνωριστεί ως είδος ανησυχίας διαχείρισης (species of management concern) στη δυτική Βόρεια Αμερική για πάνω από 20 χρόνια. Ένας από τους σημαντικότερους παράγοντες που απειλούν τους βόρειους πληθυσμούς Διπλοσάινων στη Βρετανική Κολούμπια είναι η απώλεια ώριμων και παλαιών δασών που χρησιμοποιούνται από τα Διπλοσάινα για αναπαραγωγή και αναζήτηση τροφής. Ο στόχος αυτού του εγγράφου είναι να παράσχει κατευθυντήριες γραμμές βασισμένες στην επιστήμη για τους επαγγελματίες των πόρων (resource professionals) που θα βοηθήσουν στις διαδικασίες λήψης αποφάσεων σχετικά με τη διαχείριση των οικοτόπων Διπλοσάινων στη Βρετανική Κολομβία. Αυτές οι κατευθυντήριες γραμμές δεν ήταν διαθέσιμες στο παρελθόν ή ήταν ασυνεπείς και δεν παρείχαν λεπτομερή επισκόπηση της επιστημονικής βιβλιογραφίας. Οι Καλύτερες Διαχειριστικές Πρακτικές που παρουσιάζονται εδώ προορίζονται για χρήση από επαγγελματίες των πόρων (resource professionals) και διευθυντικά στελέχη (managers) κατά την ανάληψη βιομηχανικών δραστηριοτήτων, κυρίως δασοκομίας, γύρω από τις βόρειες περιοχές αναπαραγωγής Διπλοσάινων στο εσωτερικό της Βρετανικής Κολομβίας.

Ecosystem and biosphere degradation ultimately caused by increasing human popu¬lation size and per capita consumption, are among the greatest threats for biodiversity and ecosystem services and indeed for the future of humankind. There are several global and EU-level strategies, incentives and agreements aiming to reverse the trend, one of the more ambitious ones being restoration of at least 15 percent of degraded ecosystems by 2020 (SCBD 2010; European Commission 2011). On 10 February 2014, the Finnish Ministry of the Environment appointed a restoration prioritization working group. The aim of the working group was to create a frame¬work for assessing and reversing ecosystem degradation and to establish criteria for prioritization of restoration measures, taking into account benefits, costs and the cost-efficiency of the measures in order to support the national implementation of Target 2 of the EU strategy for biodiversity: “By 2020, ecosystems and their services are maintained and enhanced by establishing green infrastructure and restoring at least 15 % of degraded ecosystems.”. While conducting the work, the working group was to con-sider national policies set out in the strategy and action plan for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in Finland for 2012–2020. The working group was expected to specify the restoration need according to the national policies, draft a proposal for the restoration prioritization, and assess the overall costs of the proposal. This report is an abridged and revised English language edition of the original prop¬osition of the Finnish restoration prioritization working group on the options and costs of restoring 15 percent of degraded ecosystems in Finland (Kotiaho et al. 2015a). The original report (246 pages) was published in Finnish.